1865

1865 is a common year starting on Sunday.

Years: 1862 1863 1864 - 1865 - 1866 1867 1868
Decades: 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century

Contents

Events

January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
February - The only known month in History without a Full moon.
February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
February 22 - Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery.
March 3 - The U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau.
March 13 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America reluctantly agrees to the use of African American troops.
March 18 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
March 19 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from Greenville, North Carolina.
March 25 - The "Claywater Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg were recovered.
March 25 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Steadman from the Union.
March 29 - American Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Court House begins .
April 1 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
April 2 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia which is taken the next day.
April 6 - German Chemicals producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik(BASF) founded in Mannheim.
April 9 - American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the American Civil War.
April 14 - US President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.
April 21 - German Chemicals producer BASF moves its headquarters and factories from Mannheim to the Hemshof District of Ludwigshafen.
April 26
- Union cavalry corner John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman Boston Corbett shoots the assassin dead.
- American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina.
April 27 - The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison.
May 1 - Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed - War of the Triple Alliance has already begun.
May 10 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia .
May 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the civil war ends with a Union victory.
May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC to celebrate the ending of the American Civil War.
May 25 - Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes.
June 2 - American Civil War ends - Forces under Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at Galveston, Texas, becoming the last to do so.
June 11 - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayan navy at Riachualo .
June 23 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
July 2 - Salvation Army founded in Whitechapel, London
July 5
- William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the Salvation Army).
- US Secret Service founded.
July 21 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
July 27 - Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley.
December 10 - Leopold II becomes King of Belgium.
December 18 - Thirteenth Constitutional amendment declared ratified by three-fourths of the States of the United States. It forever abolished slavery.
December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the Ku Klux Klan.

Undated

Gregor Mendel formulates his theories of Mendelian inheritance- they are mainly ignored for years.
A forest fire near Silverton, Oregon destroys about one million acres (4,000 km²) of timber.
Last volume of Annals of Joseon Dynasty published.

Births

January 5 - Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (d. 1920)
January 28 - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, President of Finland (d. 1952)
February 12 - Kazimierz Tetmajer, full name Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Polish poet and writer (d. 1940)
February 19 - Sven Hedin, scientist and explorer (d. 1952)
March 15 - Edith Maude Eaton, writer (d. 1914)
March 19 - William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist and ethologist (d. 1937)
April 9 - Erich Ludendorff, German general in World War (d. 1937)
May 25 - Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Prize winner (d. 1943)
May 26 - Robert W. Chambers, artist (d. 1933)
June 2 - George Lohmann, Surrey bowler (d. 1901)
June 3 - King George V of the United Kingdom (d. 1936)
June 9 - Albéric Magnard, composer (d. 1914)
July 23 - Max Heindel (born Carl Louis von Grasshoff in Denmark); Christian occultist, astrologer and mystic (d. 1919)
August 2 - Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (d. 1933)
August 24 - King Ferdinand of Romania (d. 1927)
August 27 - James Henry Breasted, Egyptologist (d. 1935)
October 1 - Paul Dukas, French composer (d. 1935)
October 17 - James Rudolph Garfield, U.S. politician (d. 1950)
October 26 - Benjamin Guggenheim, businessman, Titanic victim (d. 1912)
November 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (d. 1923)
December 8 - Jean Sibelius, composer (d. 1957)

Deaths

April 1 - John Milton, governor of Florida (b. 1807)
April 2 - A.P. Hill, Confederate general (b. 1825)
April 15 - Abraham Lincoln, US President (b. 1809)
April 26 - John Wilkes Booth, actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838)
October 18 - Lord Palmerston, Prime Minister of Britain (b. 1784)
November 12 - Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist, biographer (b. 1810)
November 28 - William Machin Stairs, Nova Scotia businessman, statesman (b. 1789)
December 10 - Leopold I of Belgium (b. 1790.
James Barry, British military surgeon